Smart battles: immunosuppression versus immunomodulation in the inflammatory RMDs

From immunosuppression to immunomodulation: current principles and future strategies.

Over the last few decades, tremendous progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of immune responses. This progress has also led to a more detailed knowledge of the processes leading to the loss of self-tolerance and the destruction of self-tissue in the case of autoimmune diseases, the effector mechanism involved in transplant allograft rejection as well as the driving factors in e...

Pneumocystis Pneumonia in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The Costs of Immunosuppression

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are subject to a spectrum of immunosuppressive agents including corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and biological therapies. Despite the benefits of these therapies and their ability to induce remission, they increase the risk of infectious complications with various organisms including Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP), which is associated wit...

Whaling battles

organisms within a few decades,” says Carol Turley of the Plymouth Marine Laboratory. Jean-Pierre Gattuso of CNRSUniversity Pierre and Marie Curie, who has researchers in the team said: “The oceans absorb about a quarter of human-made carbon dioxide. This has been limiting the amount of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere and mitigating climate change. However, the massive amounts absorbed — about...

Soda battles

infancy and causes severe vision loss, especially at night. An estimated 2,000 Americans have the form of the disease they targeted, Bennett said. But other reports were not satisfied with a mere 2,000 potential beneficiaries. New hope is offered to “millions affected by eye diseases” said the Independent. This was “hundreds of thousands” in the Los Angeles Times. But the LA Times also highligh...

The AHCPR after the battles.